Expressed antigen | Promoters/enhancers compared | In vitro/in vivo comparison | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
GFP | CMV, muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKM) promoter | Consistently higher levels of GFP expression were driven by the CKM promoter compared to CMV in mice. | [5] |
LacZ | CMV, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter | Injection of mice with the constructs containing the different promoters showed that GFAP is as efficient at driving lacZ expression as CMV. | [6] |
CAT | HIV-1-LTR (long terminal repeat), RSV-TAR (transactivation response element) | HIV-1-LTR could be transactivated by tat in both stimulated and unstimulated cells; RSV-TAR was only transactivated in unstimulated cells. | [7] |
CAT | CMV, RSV, SV40, murine leukemia virus (SL3-3) promoter | The CMV promoter was found to be stronger than any of the other promoters tested in muscle. | [8] |
CAT | CMV, SV2 | The CMV promoter was found to have greatest transcriptional activity. | [9] |
Luciferase | CMV, RSV, SV40, PGK, hybrid β-actin promoter/CMV enhancer, CMV/IA (intron A) | The hybrid β-actin/CMV promoter/enhancer showed greater luciferase expression than RSV, SV40, PGK or CMV. CMV/IA also showed 2–6 fold in vitro and 1.5–3 fold in vivo higher luciferase expression than CMV. | [10] |
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) | CMV, desmin | The promoters performed equally well in vitro, and CTL and Th1 serum antibody responses against HbsAg in mice were of similar magnitude. | [11] |
Hepatitis B envelope proteins | CMV, desmin | Greater in vitro expression of antigen was attributed to the desmin promoter. However, comparable humoral and cytotoxic immune responses were stimulated following i.m. injection of mice. | [12] |
Rabies virus G protein | CMV, SV40 | Comparable G antigen-specific antibody titres were stimulated in mice. Slightly higher T cell responses were observed from the CMV construct. | [13] |
Influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) | CMV, β-actin | Constructs containing the CMV or β-actin promoters provided comparable protection against influenza in chickens. | [14] |
Influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) | CMV, β-actin, RSV, SV40 | Similar in vitro expression of HA. The greatest HA-specific antibody and protection against influenza in chickens was provided with the CMV construct. | [15] |
Bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein D (gD) | RSV, CMV/IA | CMV/IA construct produced higher neutralising antibody titres against gD in i.d. injected cattle. | [16] |
HIV-1 gag/env | CMV, AKV murine leukemia viral long terminal repeat | CMV showed 10–20 fold greater activity than AKV in vitro. Immunised macaques developed high humoral responses with the CMVconstruct only. | [17] |
SV40 large tumour antigen | CMV, SV40 | The CMV construct induced higher levels of antibody and protection in the murine experimental metastasis model than the SV40 construct. | [18] |
M. tuberculosis apa + pro proteins | CMV, UbC | The CMV promoter was the most efficient tested. | [19] |
Adenovirus E4 ORF3 | CMV, RSV, SV40, UbC, EF-1α | Following i.n. dosing to mice, constructs containing the UbC and EF-1α promoters stimulated the most stable expression of antigen | [20] |